What is pb on the periodic table

White lead, the basic carbonate, sublimed white lead, chrome yellow, and other lead compounds are used extensively in paints, although in recent years the use of lead in paints has been drastically curtailed to eliminate or reduce health hazards.

Lead oxide is used in producing fine "crystal glass" and "flint glass" of a high index of refraction for achromatic lenses. The nitrate and the acetate are soluble salts. Lead salts such as lead arsenate have been used as insecticides, but their use in recent years has been practically eliminated in favor of less harmful organic compounds.

Care must be used in handling lead as it is a cumulative poison. Environmental concerns with lead poisoning has resulted in a national program to eliminate the lead in gasoline. Jump to: home search phonebook banner navigation site navigation main content footer navigation. Electron affinity The energy released when an electron is added to the neutral atom and a negative ion is formed.

Electronegativity Pauling scale The tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself, expressed on a relative scale. First ionisation energy The minimum energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom in its ground state. The oxidation state of an atom is a measure of the degree of oxidation of an atom. It is defined as being the charge that an atom would have if all bonds were ionic.

Uncombined elements have an oxidation state of 0. The sum of the oxidation states within a compound or ion must equal the overall charge.

Data for this section been provided by the British Geological Survey. An integrated supply risk index from 1 very low risk to 10 very high risk. This is calculated by combining the scores for crustal abundance, reserve distribution, production concentration, substitutability, recycling rate and political stability scores.

The percentage of a commodity which is recycled. A higher recycling rate may reduce risk to supply. The availability of suitable substitutes for a given commodity. The percentage of an element produced in the top producing country. The higher the value, the larger risk there is to supply. The percentage of the world reserves located in the country with the largest reserves. A percentile rank for the political stability of the top producing country, derived from World Bank governance indicators.

A percentile rank for the political stability of the country with the largest reserves, derived from World Bank governance indicators. Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of a kilogram of a substance by 1 K. A measure of the stiffness of a substance. It provides a measure of how difficult it is to extend a material, with a value given by the ratio of tensile strength to tensile strain. A measure of how difficult it is to deform a material. It is given by the ratio of the shear stress to the shear strain.

A measure of how difficult it is to compress a substance. It is given by the ratio of the pressure on a body to the fractional decrease in volume. A measure of the propensity of a substance to evaporate. It is defined as the equilibrium pressure exerted by the gas produced above a substance in a closed system. This Site has been carefully prepared for your visit, and we ask you to honour and agree to the following terms and conditions when using this Site.

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Nor shall the RSC be in any event liable for any damage to your computer equipment or software which may occur on account of your access to or use of the Site, or your downloading of materials, data, text, software, or images from the Site, whether caused by a virus, bug or otherwise. Jump to main content. Periodic Table. Glossary Allotropes Some elements exist in several different structural forms, called allotropes.

Glossary Group A vertical column in the periodic table. Fact box. Group 14 Melting point Glossary Image explanation Murray Robertson is the artist behind the images which make up Visual Elements. Appearance The description of the element in its natural form.

Biological role The role of the element in humans, animals and plants. Natural abundance Where the element is most commonly found in nature, and how it is sourced commercially. Uses and properties. Image explanation. Lead has been known to, and used by, humans for many centuries. This long history is reflected in the image by the use of an early alchemical symbol for lead and carved Ancient Roman characters. A dull, silvery-grey metal.

It is soft and easily worked into sheets. This easily worked and corrosion-resistant metal has been used for pipes, pewter and paint since Roman times. The table below lists the atomic numbers, symbols, and names of all the elements, with the derivations for the symbols which are not of English origin.

A complete list of derivations of the names of the elements may be found here. It was during the Industrial Revolution that doctors noticed diseases like gout were more commonly found in painters and plumbers than in the rest of the population. In New Zealand, lead was removed from all but clearly labelled special-purpose paints in and banned from petrol in The useful links section at the end of this article has information regarding lead poisoning, treatment and prevention.

Science and society can have differing views on an issue. When it was proposed to add lead to petrol in the s, scientists advised that it would be dangerous to people and the environment.

The desire for cheaper fuel and safer cars prevailed, and lead was added. As scientific evidence on the dangers of lead grew, public intolerance of lead also grew, and leaded petrol was banned. Add to collection. Nature of science It this era of modern science, the historical mix of science, philosophy and religion may appear unusual. Nature of science Science and society can have differing views on an issue.

Useful links The New Zealand Ministry of Health has information regarding: lead poisoning — symptoms, treatment and prevention removing lead-based paint guidelines for the management of lead-based paint. Go to full glossary Add 0 items to collection. Download 0 items.